Flying-machine.



-s. S. YA'RRINGT'ON. FLYING MACHINE.

l APPLm-ATIoN'HLnD 1111113.11110. 1,006,335, Patented 01:15.17, 1911.

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s. s. YARRINGTON. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO. 3, 1910.

Patented 001111911.

6 BHBBTSQSHEET 2.

S. S. YARRING'ION-l FLYING MACHINE. 'l

APPLICATION FILED DE.3,1910.

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S. S. YARRINGTON. FLYING MACHINE.

, APPLICATION FILED DEO.3, 1910. 1@06,335, Patented Oct. 17, 1911.

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FLYING MACHINE. V APPLICATION FILED DEO. 3, 1910. 1,006,335. Patented oct. 11;'1911.

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.SAMUEL s.' YING'ron, or wrmrmcfron, DELAWARE.Y

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i To all whom 'it may concern.'

- Be it lmown that I, SAMUEUSL'YARRIN TON, a citizen of the VUnited States, residing at Wilmington, in the vcount-y of Newcastle andy State ofDelaware, have invented new and useful Improvements in Flying-Mav chines, of which the followingtis a specification. Y

preventing lateral deiection of the machineV from itscourse of travel and facilitating and rendering safer the voperations of launching and landin y Q The invention conslsts 'of the features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts, hereinafter fullyidescribed and claimedk'reference being had'to the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figure l is a top plan view ofla dying machine embodyingmy invention.. Fig. 2

is a front elevation of the machine. Fig. 3' is a rear elevationof the same. Fig. 4 is asideelevaticnv ofthe machine. Fig. 5gis Va ldetail section, showing the clutch connection' A"between the gyroscope and its drive shaft.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammaticview of the 'ma ually controlled stabilizersjand means for operating the same. Fig. 7 is a similar View of the vertical rudders and means for operating the same. Fig. 8 isaviewof thev operating mechanism rfor controllingthe auxiliary planes. 'Y

' Referring to the drawings, 1 designates the main frame of the machine, which may be provided with any suitable type of launching and landing gear, that showin in the present instance consisting of supporting wheels 2 yieldingly mounted in any pre- Y ferre'd manner for a cushioning action in the launching and landing operations.

VRising from the front and rear portionsl of the main frame are standards or uprights 3', which carry frontra'nd rear supporting planes or surfaces 4, extending transversely of the frame or at right angles to the line of flightand suitably curved between their front and rear edges for the supporting action 'of the air thereon. Y These supporting surfaces t are separated by an intervening transverse space or gap 5 of sutlicient width-to allowthe air acting upon the surface lof the front supporting-surface 4' to freely escape at the rear edge of said surface and assume its normal density before acting u'pon the surface of 'theI rear supporting surface 4, whereby l a substan-` vtiallyeq'ual supporting effect upon Aboth the said surfaces will be secured.

rIhe operators seat 6 is; arranged upon'the mam frame ata suitable point between the front and rear extremities thereof, and disrposed upon said frame in advance thereof is a horizontal rudder 7 for vertical steering, said rudder preferably consisting of a pair of superposed, curved planes or sur? faces 7 pivotally mounted upon the proper supports to tilt in unison. This rudder is connected by a link rod 8 Witha standard 9 disposed in front of and adjacent to the seat 6 and connected with the main frame by a universal joint 10, by which it' is adapted to swing longitudinally and laterally. A hand wheel 11 is suitably journaled upon theupper end of this-standard, whereby .the latter may be convenientlyoperated.

main frame is a xedbalancing orstabilizv ving device 12, preferably consisting of a pair of superposed, rigidly mounted curved planes or supporting surfaces 12', coextensive in size or substantially so with the sur-A faces 7 of the ffront horizontal rudder 7, said fixed balancing device having a supporting action substantiallv equal to that of tendency of the machineto tilt in a fore 'and` aft direction under the pressure of the surl Specication of Letters Patent. Patented Get. 17, 1911,y I application med December a, 1910. serial n3. 595,403.

' S0 @isposed upon the rear portion ofthe faces of the horizontal rudder when the latter is in normal position is neutralized, giv ing greater fore and aft stability to the Inachine A vertical rudder-,13 is pivotally mounted.I

to swing laterally upon the main frame below the balancing device 12 and' is subjected to the'pressure of the condensed air dism Vplaced downwardly therefrom, whereby said link 14, to which are connected the crossed rear ends of wires or cables vl passing forwardly over suitable direction pulleys 16 and connected at their forward ends to opposite sides of the standards 9, whereby through reverse'lateral movements of said standards the rudder planes may be simultaneously adjusted .in one diret-.tion o1l the other to steer the machine in a horizontal plane. Driving propellers (one ormore) 17 are journaled upon the frame at a point in advance of and adjacent to the balancing device andvertical rudder, and may be operated by any suitable type of motor and drive gearing, not shown. The air displaced l5 by the blades of thesepropellers is thrown rearwardly in the path `of the balancing device and vertical rudder, thus increasing their stabilizing and steering effect.

i Suitably journaled upon the main frame and extending upwardly at the center of the same into and above the cap or space 5 is a vertical shaft 18, which may be driven in practice`\from the propeller driving motor `or frame and auxiliary motor, as desired.` The upper end of this shaft is stayed from the frame 'portions of the supporting surfaces 4 by suitable guys or (braces 19, and mounted 'upon said shaft to rotate horizontally in the space 5 betweenthe supporting surfaces is a lifting wheel 20. This wheel is fixed upon the shaft and its blades .are properly pitched for an efficient lifting action when the wheel is rotated in one direction, whereby the machine may be elevated to any desired height and its' descent controlled in making a landing. When the machine is in flight the wheel Vmay be revolved at justsutlicient speed to .adapt it to cooperate with the supporting surfaces to sus tain the machine, as will be readily understood. Also mounted on the shaft 18, preferably below the lifting wheel 20 is a horizontally revoluble p gyroscopic wheel 21., which normally rotates with the shaft and 45,. lifting wheel, Aat all times when the same are in action. The hub 22 in this gyroscope V wheel is loosely mounted on the shaft 18 and a clutch device is provided for locking it to said shaft when the latter is in motion to free it for independentreyoluble movement on the shaft when the motion of the latter is arrested or reduced below a prescribed speed. This 'clutch device comprises a pivoted dog 23 carried by the hub 22 and 4 55- working in a slot 24 therein, which dog isl adapted to engage aratchet recess 25 formed in the shaft, said recess having the usual beveled' face and abrupt end shoulder. The dog is normally 'held yieldingly in engaging position by a spring 26, the-construction being such that when the shaft 18 is in motion the shoulder of the recess 25 will engage the dog and thus lock the gyroscope wheel to the shaft for rotation at the same f .A rate of spaed therewith. lVhen the motion speed materially reduced at any time in the operation of landing or when the machine is coasting or descending from a higher to a lower level, the gyroscope will still maintain a velocity suiiicient to maintain the balance of the machine, giving more thorough and effective control thereof.

Frame structures 27 extend laterally at the opposite sides of the machine from the frame portions of the surfaces 4 and carry auxiliary longitudinally extending supporting surfaces or wings 28, which are concavoconvexly curved in a transverse direction and preferably extend the full distance of the machine from front to rear. The said winds are pivotally connected attheir rear ends, as at 29, to the frame portions of the rear supportingsurface 4 and extend up.- wardly 4and forwardly at a more or less negative angle of inclination, so that the 4supporting action of the air thereon whenV the machine is in flight will be sufficient to promote sustentation but not suflicient to causeany rearward tilting or tendency to loss of any of the fore and aft balance. forward ends of the wings 28 slidably engage guide rods 30 which are pivotally connected at their lower ends to the front frame portions of the front supporting surface 4, said wings thus being adapted to slide vertically on the rods for a warping or flexing laction, whereby their angleof incidence may kbe varied as desired. Springs 31 encircle the rods and normally operate to hold the front ends of the wings 28 elevated, such springs being compressed upon the downward movement of the wings and the rods allowed by their pivotal mounting to swing to accommodate themselves to varying 'angles of inclination of the wings.

The wings 28 are adapted to be drawn The i downwardly, warped or tilted by controlling connections consisting of a cord or cable 32 having fa looped portion 33 passing around suitable direction pulleys 34 and 35 on the wings are pivotally connected at their rear 33 thence extending over suitable pulleys 36 and 37 to a point adjacent the operators seat where they are connected with the grooved periphery of a controlling wheel 38 journaled upon a suitable supporting bracket 39. By turning this wheel invone direction the cables may be simultaneously drawn upon and the wings depressed, thus varying their angle of inclination so that they will operate as supporting surfaces for utilization in launching themachine or actaster when the machine is coasting orlanding at an excess speed; Upon turning the wheel in the reverse direction the springs will restore the wings to normal position. In order that the wings may be adjusted and held at any' desired angle, the shaft of the wheel 38 is provided with a ratchet disk 40 engaged by a spring actuated locking pawl 41 connected byga link 42 with.a pedal or'foot lever 43, the spring normally holding thev pawl in locking position, while through a movement of the. lever 43 the operator may retract it against the resistance of the spring to. enable the wheel 88' to be turned to adjust the wings.

Arranged at the rear of the machine below the rear supporting surface4 and adja-` cent the lateral margins thereof are vertically movable ailerons yor balancing planes 44 pivoted atl their forward ends to the frame, as at 45. To the rear or free ends of these ailerons are respectively connected forwardly and downwardly extending wires or cables 46 and 47 leading over suitable direction pulleys to the grooved periphery of the controlling wheel-f' 1 1, about which the connected or looped `forward ends of the respective sets of cables are wound in reverse directions', so thatupon-- turning the wheel inone-l direction one of the ailerons will be depressed and the other elevated, while upon turning the wheel lin the reverse direction a reverse adjustment of the ailerons will be effected. These ailerons are vemployed for controlling ,the lateral balance of the machine under divers conditions and banking the machirein making avturn, as will be readil understood.

Owing to the fact thatthe lifting wheel 20 in action has a side thrust of air tending to deflect the machine laterally from its curve in the direction opposite to the direction` of rotation of the wheel, it is desirable same so that they will neutralize each other,

by which the tendency of the lifting wheel to deflect the `machine laterally will be opl posed and counteracted. The propeller 49 mayv be -driven by 'a belt 50 fromthe motor tor which operates the lifting wheel shafts, as may be found most serviceable in practice. Having thus described the invention, I

claim 1. A flying machine including a main frame, upright frames rising from the front and rear of .theinainframa transversely extending supporting surfaces carried by said upright frames, a vertical shaft journaled at its lower end upon the center of the main frame and projecting upwardly between said upright frames, drive mechanism on the main frame for operating said shaft, a lifting propeller mounted on said shaft above the main frame andbetween said upright frames, and a gyroscope wheel mounted in said shaft between the lifting wheel and the main frame, said gyroscope wheel having a clutch connection with the shaft operative to permit independent motion ofsaid wheel under its momentum upon the cessation of motion of said shaft. f

2. A iiying machine including a main frame, upright frames at the front and rear of the main frame, transversely extending supporting surfaces carried by said upright framesklongitudinally extending supporting ysurfacesy hinged at their rear ends to the exyingly supporting and connecting the forwhich operates the driving propeller or mol ward end of the longitudinally extending supporting surfaces withthe front upright frame, and means connected with theA front ends of said longitudinally extending supporting surfaces for depressing the same.

3. A flying machine including a main frame, upright frames at the front and rear of the` main frame, transversely extending supporting surfaces carried by the upright frames, longitudinally extending supporting surfaces arranged at right angles to the transversely extending surfaces, vhinged at their rear -ends to the rear upright frame and inclining upwardly and forwardly therefrom, means yieldingly connecting the forward ends of the longitudinally extending supporting surfaces with the front upright ,ze

frame, and 'means for drawing the front ends of the longitudinally extending supporting surfaces downward against the resistance of said supporting means.

4. In'a fiying machine, la gyroscope wheel, a drive shaft therefor, driving mechanism `coupled to said shaft and a clutch connection between said wheel and shaft operative to permit independent motion of sald wheel under `its momentum upon the cessation of motion of said shaft.

5. In a ying machine,a horizontally disposed gyroscope wheel, a. vertical drive shaft operative to permit independent motion of said wheel under its momentum upon the cessation of motion 'of said shaft.

7. In a flying machine, a vertical drive yshaft having a clutch recess provided with an inclined wall and a shoulder, a lifting wheel carried by said shaft, a motor for driving said s aft, a gyroscope wheel .loosely Vmountedon the shaft, and a spring actuated-clutch carried by the wheel and coperating. with the recess to connect said gyroscope wheel with the shaft and to permit independent revolution of said wheel upon the cessation of motion of said shaft.

8. A flying machine, the combination of a main frame, front and rear pairs of superposed supporting surfaces carried thereby, said surfaces being arranged at an elevation above the main frame, a vertical shaft extending upwardly between said supporting surfaces, a lifting propeller carried by said shaft, a gyroscope wheel mounted on the shaft between the main frame and lifting propeller, a motor on the main frame for driving said shaft, a horizontal transversely disposed shaft at the front` of the main frame, and a non-lifting propeller mounted on said shaft and rotatable in a fore and aft direction for oounteracting the deflecting of a frame, transversely extending support'- ing surfaces at thefront andrear of the frame, longitudinally extending wings at the sides o the frame pivotally mounted at their rear ends and inclining upwardly and forwardly at an angle therefrom, pivotally mounted guide rods slidably engaged by the front ends of the wings, coiled springs surrounding the rods and yieldingly supporting the front-ends of the wings, and means Vfor simultaneously adjusting said wings bodily in the same direction to change their angle of incidence.

10. In a flying machine, the combination of a frame, transversely extending supporting surfaces at the front and rear o the frame, longitudinally extending wings at 3 the sides of the frame ivotally mounted for vertical movement at t i eir rear ends and inclining upwardly and forwardly at an angle therefrom, supports slidably engaged by the ifront ends of the' wings, means associated therewith for holding the wings elevated, and means for simultaneously adjusting said wings bodily in the same direction to change vtheir angle of incidence.

11. In a flying machine, the combination of a frame, transversely extending supportsurfaces at the front and rear o he mg frame, longitudinally extending wings at lthe sides of the frame pivotally mounted at their rear ends for vertical movement and inclining u Wardly and forwardly at an angle there om, pivoted supports slidably engaged by the front ends of4 the wings,

springs carried by ysaid s/uppprts and acting upon the wings to normally lhold the same elevated, and means for` simultaneously adjusting said'wings bodily in the same direction to change their an le of incidence.

In testimon whereo I aix my signature in presence o two witnesses.

SAMUEL S. YARRINGTON.

Witnesses HARRY P. JosLYN, ELIZABETH C. Born. 

